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pagedata = [ ["./abruptsizechangecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states, the pressure loss across an abrupt size change due to sudden enlargements is calculated from the expression:",""],
["./abrupt_size_change.htm","Abrupt Size Change","FluidFlow allows the user to define abrupt pipe enlargements or reductions. The flow of fluid through an enlargement (increase in pipe diameter) r...",""],
["./accumulator_connection_data_re.htm","Accumulator Connection Data Record","Accumulator Connection Data Record  BranchHeight: Double; BranchHeightUnit: Integer; EntranceType: Integer; PipeNumber: Integer; RDRatio: Int...",""],
["./acknowledgements.htm","Acknowledgements","Many people have worked together over the last 18 years to help produce this product. In particular we would like to thank the following contribut...",""],
["./acknowledgements_2.htm","Technical Support","There are three levels of technical support assistance available from Flite Software NI Ltd. ",""],
["./activation.htm","Activation","When you first start FluidFlow it will be automatically activated for you for a two week trial period. Please use the email address you entered wh...",""],
["./algorithm_development.htm","Algorithm Development","An algorithm is a logical procedure for solving a model&#39;s mathematical equations. It takes input data and transforms it into output predicted by t...",""],
["./all_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a valve is a function of flow. In FluidFlow this loss relationship can be expressed as either: K, Idelchik, or Kf. Many l...",""],
["./all_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry for all types of check valves is very similar. Swing; Tilting Disc; Piston Operated; Foot Operated and Spring Loaded types are cove...",""],
["./all_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the valve friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./all_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./all_types_of_non_return_valves.htm","All types of Non Return Valves","The types of non-return valves available in FluidFlow are: Swing; Tilting Disc; Piston Operated; Foot Operated and Spring Loaded types.",""],
["./applications.htm","Applications","FluidFlow contains an extensive database of components, all of which have specific applications. For example, when adding a new pump to the databa...",""],
["./application_data_record.htm","Application Data Record","Application Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String;",""],
["./auto_equipment_sizing.htm","Auto Equipment Sizing","FluidFlow includes a powerful auto-size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements such as pipes, centrifugal pumps,...",""],
["./backingupandrestoringdata.htm","Backing Up and Restoring Data","Use the Database &#124; Data &#124; Backup Data menu item to make a backup of the contents of your current DATA folder. When prompted, select a location to ...",""],
["./bendcalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states the pressure loss across a bend is calculated from the expression:",""],
["./benddata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Bends are used where a pipe directional change occurs.",""],
["./bendresult_charts2.htm","Result Charts","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the bend friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./bendresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./bends.htm","Bends","Bends are used to change the direction of a pipe.",""],
["./boosters.htm","Boosters","FluidFlow includes a comprehensive database of the following boosters:",""],
["./boosters2_2.htm","Centrifugal Pumps","FluidFlow contains an extensive database of centrifugal pumps which can be used when building a network. The user can also supplement this databas...",""],
["./booster_data_record.htm","Booster Data Record","Booster Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applications: In...",""],
["./boundaries.htm","Boundaries","All fluid networks have start and end points. These \"points\" are called boundaries within the concept of FluidFlow. Boundaries are there...",""],
["./boundary_data_record.htm","Boundary Data Record","Boundary Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applicatio...",""],
["./calculationmethodsettlings.htm","Settling Slurries Calculations","Settling slurries comprise a carrier fluid (sometimes referred to as the vehicle) conveying solid particles.",""],
["./calculationmethodsettlings_2.htm","Pulp &#38; Paper","The non-Newtonian &#38; Slurry Calculation module allows Pulp &#38; Paper Stock calculations to be accomplished using either the K Moller or TAPPI...",""],
["./calculations.htm","Calculations","Calculations ",""],
["./calculationsoptionsdialog.htm","Calculation Options Dialog","Non-Newtonian &#38; Slurry   If the Slurry module is active then a new tabbed page is added to the default Calculations Options Dialog (F2 ke...",""],
["./calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The general 3 term equation relating pressure loss to flow is defined as ",""],
["./calculation_methods2.htm","Calculation Methods","An isenthalpic flash calculation is carried out for the Knock Out Pot.",""],
["./calculation_methods_and_standa.htm","Calculation Methods and Standards Used","FluidFlow uses hundreds of engineering models and it is not the intention to list all possible models here. ",""],
["./centrifugal_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The performance curves for centrifugal pumps are usually expressed as simple polynomials, as a series of cubic splines or in some instances as Che...",""],
["./centrifugal_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Centrifugal pumps are used to transport liquids through a piping system. The pressure of the liquid is boosted by the impeller of the centrifugal ...",""],
["./centrifugal_pump.htm","Centrifugal Pump","Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. In FluidFlow, all pump performance data is stored in a database and t...",""],
["./centrifugal_pumps.htm","Centrifugal Pumps","Booster Affinity Law Corrected: Arises when design input for pump speed or impeller diameter has been changed. FluidFlow allows users to model the...",""],
["./centrifugal_results_chart.htm","Result Charts","A typical centrifugal pump chart is shown in Figure 1. ",""],
["./centrifugal_results_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the visible properties that you have selected. Figure 1 shows the normal or...",""],
["./centrifuge.htm","Centrifuge","A centrifuge is a rotating device that is used for separation. ",""],
["./changinguseraccess.htm","Configure Users (Administrator-only)","To be able to make changes to user information you must login to the application as Administrator. ",""],
["./checkvalves.htm","Check Valves","Check Valves (also called Non-Return Valves) are unidirectional. Flow is only allowed to pass in one direction, and this property has many uses in...",""],
["./check_valve.htm","Check Valves","FluidFlow contains a database of check valves which can be used when building a network. The user can also very easily add new check valves to the...",""],
["./check_valve_data_record.htm","Check Valve Data Record","Check Valve Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applica...",""],
["./circulator.htm","Circulator","A circulator element/node is used to supply the fluid and to specify the operating pressure within a closed circuit. You will still need to use so...",""],
["./circulatorcalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","There are no specific calculations method at circulators. ",""],
["./circulatordata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Circulator nodes do not allow flow into or out of the network. They are designed to be used in closed circuits only.",""],
["./circulatorresult_charts.htm","Result Charts","There are no charts available for a circulator element.",""],
["./circulatorresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results for a circulator node are the same for each possible phase state. Possible results are shown in Figure 1:",""],
["./coding.htm","Coding","Coding is the language used to communicate the algorithm to the computer. A compiler converts this code to an executable file. Our application pro...",""],
["./coil_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","FluidFlow calculates the pressure loss through a pipe coil according to the method outlined in Perry [20] 8th Edition p6-19.",""],
["./components.htm","Components","This section describes each of the components or elements that can be used to construct a fluid network. ",""],
["./component_bar.htm","Components Bar","The Components Bar can be displayed by selecting the &#39;View &#124; Components Bar&#39; menu item. ",""],
["./connectordata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Connectors allow multiple pipes to join without experiencing any pressure loss. This may not reflect a practical situation.",""],
["./connectorresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results for a connector node are the same for each possible phase state. Possible results are shown in Figure 1:",""],
["./connectors.htm","Connectors","You can use a connector to make as many pipe connection joins as required. Connectors exhibit no pressure loss across the node itself, so using a ...",""],
["./constant_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a constant head loss element is always constant and equal to the value set in the Input Editor, irrespective of flow.",""],
["./constant_head_loss.htm","Constant Head Loss","This element exhibits a constant pressure loss irrespective of the flow. An equipment item that approximates to this behavior is a rotameter, used...",""],
["./constant_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","There are no result charts because pressure loss is not a function of flow.",""],
["./constant_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./controllers.htm","Controllers","Within flow systems, it is often desired to control flow or pressure at a given location. To achieve this goal some type of control device is need...",""],
["./controller_data_record.htm","Controller Data Record","Controller Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applicat...",""],
["./control_valves.htm","Control Valves","FluidFlow contains a database of control valves which can be used when building a network. The user can also very easily add new control valves to...",""],
["./convergence_tolerances_have_be.htm","Convergence Tolerances have been relaxed","This message appears simply to make the user aware that the default convergence tolerance settings have been automatically relaxed by the software...",""],
["./cross_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","From v3.20 onwards there are no longer any pressure losses associated with cross junctions. This is because the literature relationships are total...",""],
["./cross_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Cross junctions are used to merge and divide 4 flow streams.",""],
["./cross_junction.htm","Cross Junction","Cross junctions are used to split or merge flow streams with 4 connections. The nomenclature used by fluid flow to describe the various connection...",""],
["./cross_results_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./customizeenvironment.htm","Environment","Under construction. In the meantime if you need help contact Michael Ross Int+44 2871 279227",""],
["./customizeflowsheet.htm","Flowsheet","The Flowsheet can be operated in any one of three modes:",""],
["./customizeuidatapalette.htm","Customisation","The Data Palette has six tabbed windows as follows: 1) Messages, 2) Input, 3) Results, 4) Chart, 5) List &#38; 6) Watch. The Data Palette is docke...",""],
["./customizeuimenus.htm","Menus","Right-mouse click on any toolbar or menu and select the &#39;Customize...&#39; menu item. This will display a &#39;Customize&#39; dialog.",""],
["./customizeuserinterface.htm","Customisation","Many aspects of the FluidFlow User Interface can be customized to suit the user&#39;s requirements.",""],
["./cyclone.htm","Cyclone","Cyclones are commonly used to separate dust from gas streams. Within their range of performance capabilities cyclones offer the least expensive me...",""],
["./cyclone_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","FluidFlow can calculate the pressure loss over a cyclone separator by any one of 4 available methods. The method used is determined by your input ...",""],
["./cyclone_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a cyclone element is shown below:",""],
["./cyclone_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the friction loss at various flows for a cyclone separator.",""],
["./cyclone_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./data.htm","Data","The calculation methods used within the application often rely on some type of supporting data. ",""],
["./databases.htm","Databases","A powerful feature of FluidFlow are the many associated databases that support and enhance the application. These include a database of fluid prop...",""],
["./dataentry-imputinspector.htm","Data Entry - Input Inspector/Editor","Data entry into the Input Editor specific to settling slurry calculations occurs within the following boundary components only:",""],
["./data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a pipe coil element is shown below:",""],
["./data_entry11.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a plate heat exchanger is shown below. ",""],
["./data_entry12.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a jacketed vessel is shown below. ",""],
["./data_entry13.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a knock-out pot is shown below. ",""],
["./data_entry2.htm","Data Entry - Tube Bundle (Flow through tubes)","The data entry requirement for flow through a tube bundle is shown below:",""],
["./data_entry3.htm","Data Entry - Tube Bundle (Flow around tubes)","The data entry requirement for flow around a tube bundle is shown below:",""],
["./data_entry4.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a constant head loss element is shown below:",""],
["./data_entry5.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a relief valve element is shown in Figure 1 below:",""],
["./data_entry6.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for an Inline Nozzle element is shown in Figure 1 below:",""],
["./data_entry7.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a Venturi Tube element is shown in Figure 1 below:",""],
["./data_entry8.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a Reducer/Expander element is shown in Figure 1 below:",""],
["./data_entry9.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for an Abrupt Size Change element is shown in Figure 1 below:",""],
["./data_entry_pipes.htm","Data Entry","Data entry for pipes is the same for all materials of construction.",""],
["./data_object.htm","Data","Provides (read) access to the FluidFlow databases for Pipes, Boundaries, Boosters, etc.",""],
["./designexamples.htm","Design Examples","Design Examples ",""],
["./designingacoolingwatersyst.htm","Designing a Cooling Water System. Part 1","This example will work through the design development of a cooling water distribution system. In doing so, this exercise will demonstrate some of ...",""],
["./designingacoolingwatersyst2.htm","Designing a Cooling Water System. Part 2","This is the concluding part to the design of a cooling water system, started in Part 1.",""],
["./designingagascollectionsys.htm","Designing a Gas Collection System","In this example we are not concerned with building the model and data entry. Instead we focus on the engineering. ",""],
["./differential_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a differential pressure control valve is calculated according to the methods and formula given by the Instrumentation Soc...",""],
["./differential_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The entry requirements for a self acting differential pressure controller  are shown below:",""],
["./differential_pressure_control_.htm","Self-Acting Differential Pressure Controller","Self acting differential pressure controllers are used to control differential pressure at any point in a flow system. These devices are often use...",""],
["./differential_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for control valves.",""],
["./differential_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./drag__drop.htm","Drag &#38; Drop","From v3.3 onwards, components can be dragged across the flowsheet and inserted into either a pipe or component. Figures 1 &#38; 2 below show how t...",""],
["./enumerated_types.htm","Enumerated Types","Enumerated Types  Type Values 3WayValveDuty 1 = Mixing (all ports open) 2 = Diverting (2 ports open) AccumulatorRDRatio 0 = 0 1 = 0.02 2 = 0....",""],
["./example_.htm","Flame Arrester Example ","FluidFlow allows users to model Non-Standard pipe or duct fittings using the \"User Defined Generic\" node which is available from the &#38;qu...",""],
["./example_calculations.htm","Example Calculations","You are encouraged to look at all of the Two Phase examples used in the Quality Assurance tests. These can be found in the \"[FluidFlow3 folde...",""],
["./example_designs.htm","Example Designs","You should familiarize yourself with the many examples found in the Quality Assurance Folder. For gases the main section is: \"[FluidFlow3 fol...",""],
["./expansion_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For pipe expansion joints the calculation of pressure loss is explained below:",""],
["./expansion_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for an expansion joint or stuffing box element is shown below:",""],
["./expansion_jointstuffing_box.htm","Expansion Joint/Stuffing Box","Pipe expansion joints are often used in longer pipe runs. FluidFlow allows II shaped or Lyre shaped expansion joints to be included in your fluid ...",""],
["./expansion_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the friction loss at various flows for an expansion joint",""],
["./expansion_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./exportoptions.htm","Export Options","Under construction. In the meantime if you need help contact Michael Ross Int+44 2871 279227",""],
["./factorsaffectingfrictionlos.htm","Factors affecting Friction Loss","Settling slurries comprise a Newtonian \"carrier fluid\" conveying solid particles. The carrier fluid is sometimes called the &#39;vehicle&#39;. F...",""],
["./fan-or-compressor_2.htm","Fans or Compressors","FluidFlow contains a database of Fans &#38; Compressors which can be used when building a network. The user can also supplement this database by a...",""],
["./fans.htm","Fans &#38; Compressors","Design Note:  When we add a new fan to the FluidFlow database, we are required to assign the reference volume flow conditions for the fan per...",""],
["./fans_and_compressors.htm","Fans and Compressors","Fans and Compressors are commonly used to move gases through a piping system. In FluidFlow, all fan and compressor performance data is stored in a...",""],
["./fans_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The performance curves for fans and compressors are usually expressed as simple polynomials, as a series of cubic splines or in some instances as ...",""],
["./fans_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Fans and compressors are used to transport gases through a piping system. The pressure of the gas is boosted by the impeller of the fan or compres...",""],
["./fans_result_charts2.htm","Result Charts","A typical fan chart is shown below:    Figure 1: Fan or Compressor Chart  The upper chart shows the fan performance curve (blue), a...",""],
["./fans_result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the visible properties that you have selected. Figure 1 shows the normal or...",""],
["./filter.htm","Filter","Filters are used in many flow networks. An example would be the use of a strainer in a pump suction line.",""],
["./filter_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For pressure loss an inline filter FluidFlow uses a K value calculated from the hole / total area ratio according to the method provided in Idelch...",""],
["./filter_calculation_methods_2.htm","Calculation Methods","Packed beds exhibit a pressure loss as the fluid flows through the bed. FluidFlow uses the Ergun equation to estimate the friction factor and pres...",""],
["./filter_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a filter element is shown below:",""],
["./filter_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the filter friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./filter_result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./first-steps-installation-kind.htm","Installation Kind","When installing FluidFlow for the first time, you are prompted to select the license type:",""],
["./flow_control_valves.htm","Flow Control Valves","Calculation Error/Model Fails to Converge: Modelling multiple flow control valves in series can occasionally cause convergence errors due to the s...",""],
["./fluidflowsupport.htm","FluidFlow Support","The preferred support method is via email support@fluidflowinfo.com. You may also telephone or fax the numbers below.",""],
["./fluids.htm","Fluids","FluidFlow contains a comprehensive database of over 1,280 fluids enabling you to quickly model fluid transportation systems. You can also add new ...",""],
["./fluidsdatabase.htm","Fluids Database","Non-Newtonian / non-settling liquids&#39; properties are entered directly into the Fluids Database via the Fluid Editor fields shown below.",""],
["./fluid_data_record.htm","Fluid Data Record","Fluid Data Record  ID: Integer NAME: String; FORMULA: String; ACENTRICFACTOR: Double; CRITICALCOMPRESSIBILITY: Double; CRITICALPRESSURE: Double; C...",""],
["./flybyoptions.htm","FlyBy Options","This dialog is used to specify the Input and Result fields that will be displayed in the FlyBy Report.",""],
["./fortis_bc_scc.htm","Fortis BC SCC","FluidFlow includes a script which allows staff at Fortis BC to create a Station Capacity Chart (SCC). Prior to plotting the chart, the user must s...",""],
["./frictionlossmodels.htm","Friction Loss Models","The Slurry module allows for eight different friction loss modules:",""],
["./gascalculations.htm","Gas Calculations","(Unless otherwise stated use mass flow rates in kg/hr and absolute pressures in Pa and show temperature to two decimal places)",""],
["./gasvolumedefinitions.htm","Gas Volume Definitions","Generally the density of a gas flowing in any piping system is not constant. This means that it is not meaningful to specify gas flowrate in actua...",""],
["./gas_pressure_loss_calculations.htm","Gas Pressure Loss Calculations","For accurately calculating pressure losses in gas pipes there is no simple formula, as is the case for liquids. This is because the specific fluid...",""],
["./gas_regulators.htm","Gas Regulators","FluidFlow allows users to add gas regulators to the database for specific modelling applications. Note, you only need to add a component to the da...",""],
["./generalresistances.htm","General Resistances","There are many types of pipe fittings that offer a resistance to flow that do not fit logically into the existing component groups. These types ar...",""],
["./general_resistances.htm","General Resistances","FluidFlow contains a database of General Resistance elements which can be used to represent any fitting or device when building a network. The use...",""],
["./generic_user_defined.htm","User Defined Generic","For resistive elements that do not fit into any of the existing categories it is possible to use a User Defined element. ",""],
["./guidedtour.htm","First Steps","This section explains how to install and activate the product.",""],
["./heatexchangers.htm","Heat Exchangers","A heat exchanger is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media is typically separated by a &#38;quot...",""],
["./help-files.htm","Help Files","Security updates to Microsoft Windows have introduced some severe restrictions for accessing HTML Help (CHM) files across network drives. Under Wi...",""],
["./howtobuyfluidflow.htm","How to Buy FluidFlow","You can purchase directly from Flite Software NI Ltd using the contact information below or by emailing sales@fluidflowinfo.com.",""],
["./howtousethishelpfile.htm","Definitions used in the Manual/Help File","Some of the nomenclature used in this manual/help file is as follows:",""],
["./inlinenozzlecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The user can choose from two pressure loss models in FluidFlow, the method as set out in ISO 5167-3 and the \"Long Radius Model\". ",""],
["./inline_nozzle.htm","Inline Nozzle","Inline Nozzles are mainly used to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enter...",""],
["./installation.htm","Installation","FluidFlow is supplied as a single compressed installation file - FF3SETUP.EXE. This file is available via a download from our website www.fluidflo...",""],
["./installation_2.htm","Installation (COPY)","Flite Software NI Ltd has made a special effort to simplify the installation process. We have thousands of installations worldwide on a variety of...",""],
["./insulationmaterials.htm","Insulation Materials","FluidFlow contains a database of insulation types. The thermal conductivity data for each type is defined within the database and is included when...",""],
["./integration.htm","Integration","Our software is developed by a closely knit, experienced team of engineers and computer scientists. This means that the many building blocks in ou...",""],
["./integration_testing.htm","Integration Testing","Once the application is integrated/assembled into a complete product, there is a need for a formal Quality Assurance testing procedure. ",""],
["./introduction.htm","Introduction","Welcome to FluidFlow. FluidFlow is a state-of-the-art fluid flow simulator that allows you to simulate the flow of fluids in complex pipe networks...",""],
["./introduction_2.htm","Hints &#38; Tips","This section will provide some useful modelling tips which will help the user interpret any calculation warnings/errors and develop models efficie...",""],
["./introduction_2_2.htm","Model Troubleshooting","The reasons for non-convergence of a model are many though are most often due to data-entry issues. The items discussed under \"Modelling Tips...",""],
["./jacketed_vessel.htm","Jacketed Vessel","A jacketed vessel is a container that is designed for controlling the temperature of its contents, by using a cooling or heating &#38;q...",""],
["./junctions.htm","Junctions","Junctions are used to make pipe to pipe connections, for example, a pipe change of direction will need a bend, or two streams combining will need ...",""],
["./kf_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods Kf (Equivalent length in pipe diameters)","The pressure loss coefficient expressed as equivalent length in terms of pipe diameters, Kf is defined by the equation:",""],
["./kf_data_entry.htm","Data Entry - Kf (Equivalent length in pipe diameters)","The data entry requirement for a Kf element is shown below:",""],
["./kf_equivalent_length_in_pipe_d.htm","Kf (Equivalent length in pipe diameters)","A Kf value is sometimes used to express the pressure loss relationship as a function of flow. There are many types of pipe fittings that are descr...",""],
["./kf_result_chart.htm","Result Chart - Kf (Equivalent length in pipe diameters)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the Kf element friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./kf_result_table2.htm","Result Table - Kf (Equivalent length in pipe diameters)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./knock_out_pot.htm","Knock Out Pot","A knock-out pot may also be referred to as a flash drum, knock-out drum, vapor–liquid separator, compressor suction drum or co...",""],
["./knownflowcalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","There are no specific calculations at known flow boundaries. ",""],
["./knownflowresults_charts.htm","Result Charts","When modelling settling slurries, FluidFlow automatically generates a Rosin-Rammler particle size-distribution plot based on the solids data entry...",""],
["./knownflowresults_table.htm","Result Table","The available results for a known flow node are the same for each possible phase state. Possible results are shown below:",""],
["./knownpressurecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","There are no specific calculations at known pressure boundaries. ",""],
["./knownpressureresult_charts.htm","Result Charts","When modelling settling slurries, FluidFlow automatically generates a Rosin-Rammler particle size-distribution plot based on the solids data entry...",""],
["./knownpressureresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results for a known pressure node are the same for each possible phase state. Possible results are shown below:",""],
["./knownresistancecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states the pressure loss across an open known resistance is given by:",""],
["./knownresistancedata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Known Resistance nodes only allow flow out of the network. This is because a fluid is not specified at this boundary. FluidFlow does not make the ...",""],
["./knownresistanceresult_charts.htm","Result Charts","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the known resistance friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./knownresistanceresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./known_flow.htm","Known Flow","Known Flow (or Assigned Flow)  elements are entry or exit points in a fluid network where the flow is known or is a design condition.",""],
["./known_flow2.htm","Known Flow","Design flow rate set to Zero on Input Tab: If you have a Known Flow node defined in a system with a flow rate of zero, it is recommended that the ...",""],
["./known_flow_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","With known flow elements we need to set all properties that define the fluid phase state and the flow direction. In practice this means the rows s...",""],
["./known_pressure.htm","Known Pressure","Known Pressure (or Assigned Pressure)  elements are entry or exit network points where the pressure is known or is a design condition.",""],
["./known_pressure_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","With known pressure elements we need to set all properties that define the fluid phase state. In practice this means the rows shown in the Input E...",""],
["./known_resistance.htm","Known Resistance","An open known resistance is a network exit point. Flow can only occur out of this element.",""],
["./kv_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - Kv (Flow Coefficient)","To utilize this type of flow coefficient you must know a pressure loss at a given flow. This information is often obtained from the fitting manufa...",""],
["./kv_data_entry.htm","Data Entry - Kv (Flow Coefficient)","The data entry requirement for a Kv element is shown below:",""],
["./kv_flow_coefficient.htm","Kv (Flow Coefficient)","A Kv value is sometimes used to express the pressure loss relationship as a function of flow. There are many types of equipment items and pipe fit...",""],
["./kv_result_chart.htm","Result Chart - Kv (Flow Coefficient)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the Kv element friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./kv_result_table2.htm","Result Table - Kv (Flow Coefficient)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./k_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - K (Pressure Loss Coefficient)","The pressure loss coefficient, K is defined by the equation:",""],
["./k_data_entry.htm","Data Entry - K (Pressure Loss Coefficient)","The data entry requirement for a K element is shown below:",""],
["./k_pressure_loss_coefficient.htm","K (Pressure Loss Coefficient)","A K value is the most common way of expressing the pressure loss relationship as a function of flow. There are many types of pipe fittings that ar...",""],
["./k_result_chart.htm","Result Chart - K (Pressure Loss Coefficient)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the K element friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./k_result_table2.htm","Result Table - K (Pressure Loss Coefficient)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./labyrinth_seal.htm","Labyrinth Seal","A labyrinth seal is a mechanical seal that fits around a rotor to prevent fluid leakage along the rotor shaft. Typically the seal is composed of m...",""],
["./language_overview_basic.htm","Language Overview (Basic)","In addition to Pascal, the Scripting Module can also execute scripts written in the BASIC language. It currently supports the following BASIC synt...",""],
["./layoutofthesoftware.htm","Application Layout","The application work screen consists of two main windows. The flowsheet window where a schematic layout of the piping network is developed or buil...",""],
["./liquidsdatabase.htm","Databases for Non-Newtonian Calculations","The Fluids database is used to define the fluid rheology and thermo physical properties of non settling Non Newtonian fluids.",""],
["./liquid_pressure_loss_calculati.htm","Liquid Pressure Loss Calculations","For calculating liquid friction losses in a physical pipe of any material, we use the Darcy Weisbach equation and the Colebrook-White formula for ...",""],
["./manufacturers.htm","Manufacturers","FluidFlow contains a database of components which are based on technical data provided by different manufacturers. The software therefore includes...",""],
["./manufacturer_data_record.htm","Manufacturer Data Record","Manufacturer Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String;",""],
["./materials.htm","Materials","FluidFlow contains a comprehensive database of pipe materials: steel, stainless steel, cast iron, ABS, etc. New pipe materials can be added to the...",""],
["./material_data_record.htm","Material Data Record","Material Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String; IsPipeMaterial: Boolean",""],
["./messagesbuilderrors.htm","Build Errors","The calculation cannot proceed if there is a build error. ",""],
["./messagessolvererrors.htm","Solver Warnings and Hints","After the completion of a calculation, messages and hints may appear. It is good practice to check the contents of this list after each calculatio...",""],
["./miscellaneous-command-line-parameters.htm","Command Line Parameters","/USER=Username If specified, Username will be selected from the &#39;Username&#39; dropdown in the Network Logon dialog.  Notes: With USER, the value...",""],
["./miscellaneous-logging-usage.htm","Logging Usage","It is possible to track usage as to who logs in, what modules they use, and for how long they use FluidFlow3. This is an optional feature, which i...",""],
["./miscellaneous.htm","Miscellaneous","Miscellaneous ",""],
["./modelling_approach.htm","Modelling Approach","There are 3 basic approaches to modelling two phase flow in piping systems:",""],
["./modelling_tips.htm","Modelling Tips","When developing a model, it is recommended that the user adopts the following approach:",""],
["./modelling_tips_2.htm","Pipes","High &#38; Low Velocity Warning: High &#38; low velocity warnings are enunciated based on the Min. and Max. limits set under Options &#124; Warnings &#38;a...",""],
["./model_development.htm","Model Development","Our software uses many mathematical models to simulate physical phenomena. These models rely on established laws of physics or on empirical relati...",""],
["./move_reposition-nodes_model.htm","Reposition nodes/model","This section of the Help file discusses how to move or re-position a model or specific group of nodes which make up part of a model. It also descr...",""],
["./networkversion.htm","Network Version","The Network version of FluidFlow works almost exactly like the stand-alone version, with some minor differences: ",""],
["./networkversionactivation.htm","Activation and Setup","Note: This section is only relevant if you have the Network module.",""],
["./networkversionactivationnote1.htm","Configuring your Network Installation (Sharing Folders and Setting","When you install FluidFlow3 the setup program creates a configuration text file - PSFF.INI - in the same folder as the application (PSFF.EXE), typ...",""],
["./networkversionactivationnote2.htm","Activating FluidFlow3","There are a few ways to activate FluidFlow3, however, for a Network license activation, you do need to have access to the server machine (either p...",""],
["./networkversionactivationnote3.htm","NOTE 3: Client Setup (Sharing the Application Folder/Creating Shortcut)","After installing and activating FluidFlow3 on the network server you can setup the client machine by placing a link on the client&#39;s desktop to the...",""],
["./networkversiondatabaseediting.htm","Database Editing","To avoid conflicts with multiple users editing data concurrently, only one network user can have read-write access to a database table at a time. ...",""],
["./networkversionstartup.htm","Startup","If you have the network module activated the product starts slightly differently to the stand-alone version. If you do not have the network module...",""],
["./new_topic.htm","Calculation Options Dialog","Settling Slurries quids  When the Slurry module is active a new page - Slurry - is visible in the Calculations Options dialog.     ...",""],
["./new_topic_2.htm","Calculation Options Dialog","Pulp &#38; Paper Stock quids  If the Slurry module is active then a new tabbed page is added to the default Calculations Options Dialog (F2 k...",""],
["./nomenclature.htm","Nomenclature","Nomenclature used in mathematical formula in this help file.",""],
["./non-netonianliqids.htm","Non-Newtonian Liquids","Non-Newtonian / non-settling liquids  Non-Newtonian / non-settling liquids may be broadly divided into three types:  Bingham plastics wh...",""],
["./non-newtoniancalculations.htm","Non-Newtonian Calculations","The Slurry module allows you simulate the flow of two types of non-Newtonian liquids: ",""],
["./non_newtonian_fluid_pressure_l.htm","Non Newtonian Fluid Pressure Loss Calculations","FluidFlow provides the user with the option of selecting one of four possible calculation methods for determining pressure loss for Non-Newtonian ...",""],
["./openpipecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states the pressure loss across an open pipe is given by:",""],
["./openpipedata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Open Pipes only allow flow out of the network. This is because a fluid is not specified at this boundary. FluidFlow does not make the assumption t...",""],
["./openpiperesult_charts.htm","Result Charts","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the open pipe friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./openpiperesult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./open_pipe.htm","Open Pipe","An open pipe is a network exit point. Flow can only occur out of this element. The pressure assumed at the outlet is atmospheric, but you can adju...",""],
["./overall_design_and_architectur.htm","Overall Design and Architecture","One of the main goals of our software architecture is to encapsulate each of the many hundreds of \"building blocks\" used by the applicat...",""],
["./packed_bed.htm","Packed Bed","Packed beds are used in the process and water industries. Packed beds provide a large surface area for contact between a fluid and a solid and thi...",""],
["./packed_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a packed bed element is shown below:",""],
["./packed_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the friction loss at various flows for a packed bed.",""],
["./packed_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./pdpump_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The volumetric flow delivered by a positive displacement pump is given by the expression:",""],
["./pdpump_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Positive Displacement pumps are used to transport both liquids and gases.",""],
["./pdpump_result_charts2.htm","Result Charts","There are no charts for a Positive Displacement Pump.",""],
["./pdpump_result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the visible properties that you have selected. Figure 1 shows the normal or...",""],
["./pd_2.htm","PD Pumps or Compressors","FluidFlow contains a database of Positive Displacement (PD) Pumps &#38; Compressors which can be used when building a network. The user can also s...",""],
["./pd_pump_or_compressor.htm","PD Pump or Compressor","Positive Displacement pumps can be used to move any fluid (i.e., any phase state) through a system.",""],
["./physical_property_estimation_m.htm","Physical Property Estimation Methods","FluidFlow can use any of the following thermophysical properties during flow calculations. Density, Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity...",""],
["./piperoughness.htm","Pipe Roughness","FluidFlow contains extensive information on roughness data for each type of pipe material ranging from \"Clean and New\" to \"Heavily ...",""],
["./pipes.htm","Pipes","In the flowsheet pipes (or tubes) are used to describe the connectivity between fluid equipment items.",""],
["./pipes2.htm","Pipes","FluidFlow contains a database of standard pipe sizes which can be used when building a network. The user can also supplement this database by addi...",""],
["./pipescaling.htm","Pipe Scaling","FluidFlow contains a database of scaling factors for each type of pipe material which can be used when modelling existing systems. There are four ...",""],
["./pipethermalconductivity.htm","Pipe Materials Thermal Conductivity","FluidFlow contains an extensive database of pipe material types. The thermal conductivity data for each type is defined within the database and is...",""],
["./pipe_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","It is not the intention in this section to provide detailed derivations or detailed explanations. You are referred to the many texts in the Refere...",""],
["./pipe_coil.htm","Pipe Coil","Pipe coils are used mainly for cooling heating purposes. For example a coil inside a vessel or a coil wrapped around a vessel.",""],
["./pipe_data_record.htm","Pipe Data Record","Pipe Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applications: ...",""],
["./pipe_insulation_data_record.htm","Pipe Insulation Data Record","Pipe Insulation Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String; InsulationType: Integer; TKData:  FixedTKValue: Double; FixedTKUnit: Integer; Da...",""],
["./pipe_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the pipe coil friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./pipe_result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./pipe_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./pipe_roughness_data_record.htm","Pipe Roughness Data Record","Roughness Data Record  Name: String; Material: Integer; AbsoluteRoughness: Double; AbsoluteRoughnessUnit: Integer;",""],
["./pipe_scaling_data_record.htm","Pipe Scaling Data Record","Pipe Scaling Data Record  Name: String; Material: Integer; ScalingPercent: Integer; ScaleType: Integer;",""],
["./pipe_sizing_data_record.htm","Pipe Sizing Data Record","Pipe Sizing Data Record  Name: String; Id: Integer; X: Double; N: Double; P: Double; K: Double; E: Double; Y: Double; A: Double; B: Double; F: Dou...",""],
["./plateexchangercalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The calculation method used is based on the correlations and found in Chemical Engineers Handbook - Perry - 5th to 8th Edition [20], p 11-57.",""],
["./plate_exchanger.htm","Plate Exchanger","A plate heat exchanger is composed of multiple, thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and fluid flow passages fo...",""],
["./pressure-reduction-ratio-valve.htm","Pressure Reduction Ratio Valve","Pressure reduction ratio valves can also be modeled by using the \"User Defined Generic\" node . The following example shows such a design...",""],
["./pressure_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a pressure control valve is calculated according to the methods and formula given by the Instrumentation Society of Ameri...",""],
["./pressure_calculation_methods_2.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a flow control valve is calculated according to the methods and formula given by the Instrumentation Society of America i...",""],
["./pressure_calculation_methods_3.htm","Calculation Methods","FluidFlow includes two flow equations for modelling regulators in compressible flow systems. The methods which users can choose from are the Stand...",""],
["./pressure_control_valve.htm","Pressure Control Valve","A pressure control valve, together with a measuring device and controller is used to control pressure at any point in a fluid network.",""],
["./pressure_control_valve_2.htm","Flow Control Valve","A flow control valve, together with a measuring device and controller is used to control flow at any point in a fluid network.",""],
["./pressure_control_valve_3.htm","Gas Regulator","A gas regulator is used to control the gas pressure at any point in a fluid network.",""],
["./pressure_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The entry requirements for a pressure control valve are shown below:",""],
["./pressure_data_entry_2.htm","Data Entry","For flow control valves the following data is required:",""],
["./pressure_data_entry_3.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirements for a gas regulator is shown below:",""],
["./pressure_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for control valves.",""],
["./pressure_result_chart_2.htm","Result Chart ","Charts are not available for control valves.",""],
["./pressure_result_chart_3.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for gas regulators.",""],
["./printoptions.htm","Print Options","Model data can be exported to Excel and PDF (provided the relevant software packages are installed.) To export your model, select: File &#124; Export a...",""],
["./psff_ini-file-entries.htm","PSFF.INI File Entries","The PSFF.INI configuration settings file is located in the same folder as the application file, PSFF.EXE, typically in the \"[Program Files (x...",""],
["./pulp_paper_data_record.htm","Pulp Paper Data Record","Pulp Paper Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String; KDash: Double; Sigma: Double; K: Double; Alpha: Double; Beta: Double; Gamma: Double;",""],
["./qa_slurry_and_non-newtonian.htm","QA Slurry and Non-Newtonian","There are many example calculations which are used to verify the adherence of the software to the various published calculation methods. ",""],
["./quality_assurance.htm","Quality Assurance","This chapter is an attempt to explain the procedures, processes and efforts made by Flite Software NI Ltd., the developers of FluidFlow, to minimi...",""],
["./quicktogglebetweeninputins.htm","Quick Toggle between Input Inspector and Results","There is a useful shortcut that can quickly toggle between the Input Inspector (Input Page of the Data Palette) and the results (Result Page of th...",""],
["./record_structure_types.htm","Custom Record/Structure Types","TRecord This class allows you to simulate a Pascal record type. You can create an object of this class with any number of fields, and get and set ...",""],
["./reducercalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states, the pressure loss across reducers/expanders is calculated from the following expressions:",""],
["./reducerexpander.htm","Reducer/Expander","A pipe reducer/expander allows for a change in pipe size to meet the hydraulic flow requirements of a system, or to adapt to existing piping of a ...",""],
["./reference_literature.htm","Reference Literature","During the development of this software, consultation with many individuals and thousands of texts and papers has been made. Only the most importa...",""],
["./reliefdevices.htm","Relief Devices","FluidFlow allows you to model relief devices as either relief valves, bursting disks, or a series configuration of both. These components can be a...",""],
["./reliefdevices2.htm","Relief Devices","FluidFlow contains a database of relief devices that can be used when building a network. The user can choose from either a relief valve or a burs...",""],
["./reliefvalvecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","There are two calculation methods available in FluidFlow for predicting the pressure loss through relief valves: API RP 520 &#38; ISO 4126. API RP...",""],
["./relief_valve.htm","Relief Valve and Bursting Disk","A relief valve is a type of valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system which can build up due to abnormal system opera...",""],
["./relief_valves.htm","Relief Valves","Calculation Error/Model Fails to Converge: Occasionally when modelling relief valve systems you may obtain a \"Calculation Error\" without...",""],
["./relief_valve_data_record.htm","Relief Valve Data Record","Relief Valve Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applic...",""],
["./reservoircalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","There are no specific calculations at reservoir boundaries. ",""],
["./reservoirdata_entry.htm","Data Entry","A reservoir is essentially a known pressure element which allows you to add as many pipe connections as you need. For this component we need to se...",""],
["./reservoirresult_charts.htm","Result Charts","There are no charts available for a reservoir element.",""],
["./reservoirresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results for a known pressure node are the same for each possible phase state. Possible results are shown below:",""],
["./reservoir_connections.htm","Reservoir Connections","This dialog allows you to specify the connection details for all pipes connected to a reservoir. ",""],
["./reservoir_data_entry.htm","Reservoir","Reservoir  elements are entry or exit network points where the pressure is known or is a design condition. Similar in concept to known pressu...",""],
["./resistance_data_record.htm","Resistance Data Record","Resistance Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applicat...",""],
["./results.htm","Results","Users can change the units that fields of the Results page and Flowsheet are displayed in.",""],
["./result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the nozzle friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart2.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the Venturi Tube friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart3.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the reducer/expander friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart4.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the \"Abrupt Size Change\" element friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart5.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for Relief Valves and Bursting Disks.",""],
["./result_chart7.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the plate heat exchanger friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart8.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the plate heat exchanger friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./result_chart9.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for Knock-Out Pots.",""],
["./result_charts.htm","Result Charts","For pipe results there are 10 different types of chart available. The availability of each chart depends on the fluid phase state.",""],
["./result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table10.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table11.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table3.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table4.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table5.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table6.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table7.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table9.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table_2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./result_table_3.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./rotating-pd-pump-or-compressor_2.htm","Rotating PD Pumps","FluidFlow contains a database of Rotating Positive Displacement (PD) Pumps which can be used when building a network. The user can also supplement...",""],
["./rotatingpd_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The volumetric flow delivered by a rotary positive displacement pump is given by the expression:",""],
["./rotatingpd_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Rotary positive displacement pumps are usually used to transfer viscous liquids. Data entry requirements for these pumps are shown in Figure 1 bel...",""],
["./rotatingpd_results_charts.htm","Result Charts","There are no charts for a Rotary Positive Displacement Pump.",""],
["./rotatingpd_results_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the visible properties that you have selected. Figure 1 shows the normal or...",""],
["./rotating_a_node.htm","Rotating a component","To rotate a component (or a number of components) either:",""],
["./rotating_positive_diaplacement.htm","Rotating Positive Displacement Pump","Rotating Positive Displacement pumps are usually used to move high viscosity liquids through a system. A rotary pump traps fluid in its closed cas...",""],
["./rotating_positive_displacement.htm","Rotating Positive Displacement (PD) Pump","Static Pressure below fluid vapor pressure or negative: This warning may occur if you have modeled a PD pump in series with a Known Flow node. By ...",""],
["./scripting.htm","Scripting","The Scripting Module allows you to make changes to any flowsheet element (node or pipe) via a Pascal (or BASIC)-based scripting language and study...",""],
["./scriptingconfigureresultsdialog.htm","Configure Results Dialog","This dialog allows you to select the element properties you wish to track in code (for example, via the Results.Update routine), and to specify th...",""],
["./scriptingdialogs.htm","Dialogs","The following pages describe the dialogs used in the Scripting Module:",""],
["./scriptingelementobject.htm","Element","The Element object provides a short-hand method of accessing network elements (nodes and pipes) and their properties.",""],
["./scriptingexamples.htm","Example Scripts","Example scripts can be found in the \"[FluidFlow3 folder]\\QA Scripting\" folder.",""],
["./scriptinglanguageoverview.htm","Language Overview (Pascal)","The FluidFlow Scripting Module executes scripts written in the Pascal syntax. It currently supports the following Pascal and Basic syntax:",""],
["./scriptinglibraries.htm","Libraries","Standard Libraries  In addition to the Standard Routines, which are implicitly available in all scripts, the Scripting Module provides access...",""],
["./scriptingmenus.htm","Menus","FluidFlow provides the following menu system for the Scripting Module:",""],
["./scriptingmenusfile.htm","File","Use the File menu to insert, save, and print.  Commands Description Insert From File… Paste the contents of an external file into the Scripti...",""],
["./scriptingmenusresults.htm","Results","Use the Results menu to select and configure the element (node/pipe) properties you wish to track during script execution.",""],
["./scriptingmenusscript.htm","Script","Use the Script menu to compile, debug, and run scripts.",""],
["./scriptingmiscellaneous.htm","Miscellaneous","Miscellaneous - Scripting ",""],
["./scriptingnetworkobject.htm","Network","The Network object is the main workhorse of the Scripting Module. ",""],
["./scriptingobjects.htm","Objects","The following pages outline the available objects and their properties and routines.",""],
["./scriptingoutputobject.htm","Output","The Output object refers to the Output text window located at the bottom of the Scripting form. Use the Output object to clear the contents of thi...",""],
["./scriptingreferences.htm","References","The following pages list the different objects, constants, and routines that can be used in the Scripting Module:",""],
["./scriptingreferenceselementkindconstants.htm","Element Kind Constants","The Element Kind Constants are available from the FFKindConstants library.",""],
["./scriptingreferencesgraphicscolorconstants.htm","Graphics Color Constants","The Graphics Color Constants are available from the Graphics library. ",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstants.htm","Property Constants","Internal  Pipes Boundaries Junctions Boosters Valves Controllers Check Valves General Resistances Size Change Relief Devices Heat Exchangers ...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsboosters.htm","Boosters","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSize 17 Automatically Size Input AutoSizeType 111 Sizing Model Input BoosterDutyEfficienc...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsboundaries.htm","Boundaries","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AccumulatorNetFlow 394 Net Flow Result BoundaryFlow 68 Flow Input BoundaryFlowDirection 22 Fl...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantscheckvalves.htm","Check Valves","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result CalculatedHeatTransferred 180 Heat Transferred Result...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantscontrollers.htm","Controllers","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSize 17 Automatically Size Input AutoSizeValveType 454 Control Valve Type Input Calculate...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsgasregulators.htm","Gas Regulators","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSizeValveType 454 Control Valve Type Input CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result Calcul...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsgeneralresistances.htm","General Resistances","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result CalculatedHeatTransferred 180 Heat Transferred Result...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsheatexchangers.htm","Heat Exchangers","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind BoundaryPressure 66 Operating Pressure Input BoundaryPressureUnit 30 Pressure Unit Input Calc...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsinternal.htm","In‌ternal","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind ComponentNumber 0 -- ID -- Internal/Result ComponentKind 1  Internal Status 2  Inte...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsjunctions.htm","Junctions","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind BranchJunctionK 144 Branch K (based on channel flow) Result CalculatedDensity 139 Density Res...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantspipes.htm","Pipes","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSize 17 Sizing Model Input CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result CalculatedHeatTransfer...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsreliefdevices.htm","Relief Devices","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSize 17 Automatically Size Input CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result CalculatedHeatTr...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantssizechange.htm","Size Change","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind AutoSize 17 Automatically Size Input AutoSizeType 111 Sizing Model Input CalculatedDensity 13...",""],
["./scriptingreferencespropertyconstantsvalves.htm","Valves","Property Name Property Id Display Name Property Kind 3WayValveDuty 307 Valve Duty Input CalculatedDensity 139 In Density Result CalculatedHeatTran...",""],
["./scriptingreferencesstandardroutines.htm","Standard Routines","The Scripting Module provides the following types of Standard Routines:",""],
["./scriptingreferencesunitids.htm","Unit Ids","Example Usage:   // Convert 100 l/min to usgpm using Unit Names FlowInUSGPM := Units.Convert(&#39;l/min&#39;, &#39;usgpm&#39;, 100); Output.Add(FlowInUSGPM);...",""],
["./scriptingresultfieldpropertiesdialog.htm","Result Field Properties Dialog","This dialog allows you define the characteristics of Result Fields, specifically, whether you want the field to be displayed in a chart, and if so...",""],
["./scriptingresultsobject.htm","Results","The Results object provides access to the Results page in the Scripting window. This page is typically used to track the values of element propert...",""],
["./scriptingresultswindow.htm","Results Window","The Results Window is split into a Table and Chart area. The Table lists all the Result Fields - added via the Configure Results dialog or user-de...",""],
["./scriptingsettingsobject.htm","Settings","Function/Property Description AtmosphericPressure: Float Get/set the Calculation Option&#39;s Atmospheric Pressure value. Calculation[Name: String]: V...",""],
["./scriptingunitsobject.htm","Units","The Units object is used to convert values from one unit to another. See the Unit Constants Reference for a full list of the Unit Groups and Unit ...",""],
["./scriptinguserinterface.htm","User Interface","The Scripting Module&#39;s User Interface is made up of four sections:",""],
["./scriptingwindow.htm","Scripting Window","The Scripting Window is made up of an area for entering code and five pages used for debugging scripts: Messages, Breakpoints, Watches, Bookmarks,...",""],
["./scripting_classes.htm","Data Records","Accumulator Connection Record Pipe Data Record Boundary Data Record Booster Data Record Valve Data Record Controller Data Record Check Valve Data ...",""],
["./script_object.htm","Script","This provides access to the underlying Script Engine.",""],
["./select_backfill_dialog.htm","Select Pipe Backfill Dialog","When you wish to make a buried pipe heat transfer calculation, you can choose from a range of backfill materials from the database. ",""],
["./select_pipe_coating_dialog.htm","Select Pipe Coating Dialog","When you wish to make a buried pipe heat transfer calculation, you can choose from a range of pipe coating materials from the database. ",""],
["./select_solid_dialog.htm","Select Solid Dialog","Use this dialog to select the solid to use in a settling slurry calculation.",""],
["./self_acting_flow_controller.htm","Self-Acting Pressure Sustainer/Reducer","Self acting pressure sustainers and reducers control the pressure at any point in a flow system. The measurement and control mechanisms are encaps...",""],
["./self_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The pressure loss across a pressure sustaining or pressure reducing valve is calculated according to the methods and formula given by the Instrume...",""],
["./self_data_entry5.htm","Data Entry","The entry requirements for a self acting pressure sustainer and reducer are shown below:",""],
["./self_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","Charts are not available for control valves.",""],
["./self_result_table2.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./settling_slurries.htm","Settling Slurries","Saltation/Blockage Warning  When designing slurry flow systems, FluidFlow will enunciate a warning notifying the designer that line blockage ...",""],
["./settling_slurry_pressure_loss_.htm","Settling Slurry Pressure Loss Calculations","FluidFlow provides the user with the option of selecting one of five possible calculation methods for determining pressure loss for the flow of se...",""],
["./shellandtubecalculation_method.htm","Calculation Method","The Tubeside pressure loss for flow through a shell and tube exchanger is composed of 3 contributing parts:",""],
["./shellandtubedata_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for flow through a shell and tube heat exchanger is shown below, In this version of FluidFlow you can only consider eit...",""],
["./shellandtuberesult_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the shell and tube exchanger friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./shellandtuberesult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./shell_and_tube_exchanger.htm","Shell and Tube Exchanger","Shell and tube heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes. One set of these tubes contains the fluid that must be either heated or cooled. The s...",""],
["./sizechange.htm","Size Change","Size change elements bring about a sudden change in velocity at the element. This can be caused by a change in the size of inlet and outlet pipes ...",""],
["./sizechange2.htm","Size Change","FluidFlow contains a database of standard \"size change\" components (pipe reducers) which can be used when building a network. The user m...",""],
["./size_change_components.htm","Size Change Components","When modelling Size Change components such as Thin Orifice Plates, Thick Orifice Plates, Venturi Tubes, Inline Nozzles, etc., we have the option o...",""],
["./size_change_data_record.htm","Size Change Data Record","Size Change Data Record  Name: String; DimensionUnit: Integer; ReducerLength: Double; LargeDiameterMax: Double; SiReducerLength: Double; SiLa...",""],
["./sizingdata.htm","Sizing Data","This database contains equipment and pipe sizing data that is used to calculate the \"Economic Pipe Velocity\" and the exact economic pipe...",""],
["./software_requirements_and_spec.htm","Software Requirements and Specification","The main purpose of this software is to enable engineers to make designs of flow systems that are:",""],
["./solidsdatabase.htm","Solids Database","Solids properties are entered directly into the Solids database via the Solid Editor fields shown below. ",""],
["./solid_data_record.htm","Solid Data Record","Solid Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String; SolidDensity: Double; BulkDensity: Double; SpecificHeat: Double; ThermalConductivity: Double; S...",""],
["./soniclimitationsingasnetwo.htm","Sonic Choking in Gas Networks","Sonic velocity CANNOT be attained by a gas as it flows through a pipe of constant cross-sectional area. ",""],
["./sprinkler.htm","Sprinkler","Sprinkler elements are exit only points from the network. Sprinklers are used in firefighting networks and distribution systems.",""],
["./sprinkler2.htm","Boundaries &#124; Sprinklers","FluidFlow contains a database of sprinklers which can be used when building a network. The user can also very easily add new sprinkler models to t...",""],
["./sprinklercalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states the pressure loss across a sprinkler is given by the equation for orifice flow. Rather than explicitly stating the area and d...",""],
["./sprinklerdata_entry.htm","Data Entry","Sprinklers only allow flow out of the network. This is because a fluid is not specified at this boundary. FluidFlow does not make the assumption t...",""],
["./sprinklerresults_charts.htm","Result Charts","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the sprinkler friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./sprinklerresults_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./standards_used.htm","Standards Used","There are very few standards available for use when making fluid flow calculations. FluidFlow makes use of the latest standards and guides where p...",""],
["./tanks.htm","Modelling Tanks using a Reservoir","Tanks can be modelled using a Reservoir node or indeed a Known Pressure node. Figure 1 below provides details a simple system featuring a single t...",""],
["./technicalreference.htm","Slurry and Non-Newtonian Technical Reference","Flite Software gratefully acknowledges the following sources used in the development of the Slurry module:",""],
["./tees__wyes_and_crosses.htm","Tees, Wyes and Crosses","Calculation Error/Model Fails to Converge: If you are confident in your data entry, the reason for non-convergence may be that a cross or tee is o...",""],
["./tee_and_wye_junctions.htm","Tee and Wye Junctions","Tee and wye junctions are used to split or merge two flow streams. The nomenclature used by FluidFlow to describe the various connections follows ...",""],
["./tee_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","For all phase states the pressure loss across a branch or straight is calculated from the expression:",""],
["./tee_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","Tees and wyes are used to merge or divide flow. In this context the merging process is also called converging or combining and the dividing proces...",""],
["./tee_results_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./templates.htm","Templates","From v3.3 onwards, you can generate template files which you can insert onto other project files. If you have for example, a standard pump or valv...",""],
["./the_life_cysle_of_piping_syste.htm","The life cycle of Piping Systems FluidFlow","The life cycle steps that occur in the development and post-development of our product are itemized below. The validation involved in each step is...",""],
["./thickorificecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The calculation method used is based on the correlations and charts found in Pipe Flow - A Practical &#38; Comprehensive Guide - AIChE [24], p 146.",""],
["./thickorificeresult_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the orifice friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./thick_orifice.htm","Thick Orifice","Thick orifice plates are used for measuring the volumetric flow rate of a fluid and may also be used to reduce the pressure in a flowing system an...",""],
["./thick_orifice_data_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a Thick Orifice element is shown below:",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","See ISO 5167 for detailed information.  The total pressure loss is:  ΔP = Pressure Loss at the corner tap points multiplied by [(1 - β4)...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2.htm","Auto-Sizing a Thin Orifice","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including thi...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing a Thick Orifice","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including thi...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing an Inline Nozzle","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including inl...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_2_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Venturi Tubes","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including &#38;nb...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3.htm","Auto-Sizing a Differential Pressure Controller","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including dif...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Pressure Control Valve","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including &#38;nb...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Self-Acting Pressure Sustainers","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including sel...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Rotating PD Pumps","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including Rot...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Centrifugal Pumps","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including Cen...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2_2_2_2.htm","Auto-Sizing Fans &#38; Compressors","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including Fan...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2_2_3.htm","Auto-Sizing PD Pumps","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including &#38;nb...",""],
["./thinorificecalculation_methods_2_3_2_2_3.htm","Auto-Sizing Flow Control Valves","From v3.31 onwards, FluidFlow includes a powerful Auto-Size feature which allows engineers to automatically size a range of elements including flo...",""],
["./thinorificedata_entry.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for a thin orifice element is shown below:",""],
["./thinorificeresult_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the orifice friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./thinorificeresult_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./thin_orifice.htm","Thin Orifice","Thin orifice plates are often used as measuring devices. There is a design/calculation standard ISO 5167 associated with the pressure loss over th...",""],
["./tolerance_data_record.htm","Tolerance Data Record","Tolerance Data Record  Id: Integer; Name: String; ComponentKind: Integer;",""],
["./tube2_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - Tube Bundle (Flow around tubes)","The pressure loss around a tube bundle is calculated according to the Delaware method. ",""],
["./tube2_result_chart.htm","Result Chart - Tube Bundle (Flow around tubes)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the around tube bundle friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./tubeb_result_table2.htm","Result Table - Tube Bundle (Flow around tubes)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./tube_bundle_-_flow_around_tube.htm","Tube Bundle - Flow around tubes","Tube bundles are used to exchange heat. In this element the fluid is considered to be flowing around the tubes.",""],
["./tube_bundle_-_flow_through_tub.htm","Tube Bundle - Flow through tubes","Tube bundles are used to exchange heat. In this element the fluid is considered to be flowing through the tubes.",""],
["./tube_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - Tube Bundle (Flow through tubes)","The pressure loss for flow through a tube bundle is composed of 2 contributing parts:",""],
["./tube_result_chart.htm","Result Chart - Tube Bundle (Flow through tubes)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the tube bundle friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./tube_result_table2.htm","Result Table - Tube Bundle (Flow through tubes)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./two_phase_flow_calculations.htm","Two Phase Flow Calculations","The two phase flow calculation module allows for two phase liquid-gas calculations to be accomplished. Two phase flow occurs in many industrial pr...",""],
["./two_phase_pressure_loss_calcul.htm","Two Phase Pressure Loss Calculations","When two-phase liquid gas flow occurs in pipes, many different flow patterns are created, depending on fluid properties, the relative rates of eac...",""],
["./uidp_chart.htm","Input / Results / Charts and Calculation methods","These are now itemized for each component. See the individual headings in the Components section.",""],
["./uidp_errorswarningshints.htm","Messages and Warnings","FluidFlow provides a large number of Error Messages, Calculation Warnings, Component Warnings and Engineering Hints.",""],
["./uidp_list.htm","List","Lists of components classified by types and ordered according to your preferences can be a useful aid for network navigation, for making block cha...",""],
["./uidp_selectelementproperties.htm","Select Element Properties","Allows the selection of input and calculated/result fields to be displayed on the flowsheet.",""],
["./uidp_selectfluidf.htm","Select Fluid Dialog","Use this dialog to specify a fluid at allowable boundary components.  ",""],
["./uidp_selectfont.htm","Select Font","Flowsheet fonts can be selected from the font dialog, which also allows you to specify a color and size.",""],
["./uidp_selectpipeinsulationf.htm","Select Pipe Insulation Dialog","When you wish to make a full heat transfer calculation along a pipe it is necessary to specify any pipe insulation that is used. There is a databa...",""],
["./uidp_selectpiperoughnessmodel.htm","Select Pipe Roughness Model","The table of pipe roughness values allows easy descriptive access to roughness values for typical usages after specific time periods. ",""],
["./uidp_selectpipescalingf.htm","Select Pipe Scaling Dialog","FluidFlow can be used to carry out pipe scaling studies, for example, how flow and pressure performance varies over a time period. Typical scaled ...",""],
["./uidp_setcomponentf.htm","Set Component Dialog","Equipment flow characteristics stored in the component database can be selected from the dialog below.",""],
["./uidp_setpipedimensionf.htm","Set Pipe Dimension Dialog","Pipes are organized according to the following hierarchy: Material of Construction &#62; Nominal Size &#62; Name or Schedule.",""],
["./uidp_setpumpchangesf.htm","Set Pump Changes Dialog","This dialog allows you to adjust the operating conditions of a centrifugal pump or fan.",""],
["./uidp_settextandtextproperties.htm","Set Text and Text Properties","This dialog allows you to set the text and text font properties of the free format text shown on the flowsheet.",""],
["./uidp_userinterface-datapalette.htm","User Interface - Data Palette ","The data palette and the flowsheet are synchronized. If an element is selected on the flowsheet then its associated data will be displayed on the ...",""],
["./uidp_userinterface-datapalette_2.htm","User Interface - Data Palette _2","From v3.31 onwards, users can generate a Data Report for the model open on the flowsheet. To generate this report, select: View &#124; Data Report. The...",""],
["./uidp_watch.htm","Watch","You can watch the progress of the solution via the Watch Window. ",""],
["./uifflowsheettoolsshnodenumbers.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Show/Hide Node Numbers","Toggle on/off the node ID number display on the flowsheet. Node element IDs are numbered positive from 1, e.g., (24).",""],
["./uif_flowsheet.htm","User Interface - Flowsheet ","The flowsheet is the main work area within the program where you build the network model. Flowsheet operations have been designed to be as intuiti...",""],
["./uif_flowsheetconfiguringdata.htm","Configuring and showing input data and results","Calculation results or input data can be set to either visible (show) or hide for each component. In addition the properties displayed can be sele...",""],
["./uif_flowsheetconnectingpipe.htm","Connecting a pipe","Click on the pipe group tab and select a pipe from the pipe icons. There are 14 different pipe, tube and duct materials/types to select from. ",""],
["./uif_flowsheetdeletingcomponent.htm","Deleting an element","To delete a component (or a number of components) either:",""],
["./uif_flowsheetfreetext.htm","Placing and displaying free text","You can annotate with text at any position in the flowsheet, irrespective of snap mode text can always be placed at any position.",""],
["./uif_flowsheetoperations.htm","Operations","Operations ",""],
["./uif_flowsheetplacingcomponent.htm","Placing a component","Select a component from a particular group by first clicking on the group tab and then selecting the desired component. The screen capture below s...",""],
["./uif_flowsheetselectingcomp.htm","Selecting elements","When you click on any element on the flowsheet it becomes selected. The flowsheet shows selections by highlighting the selected elements. ",""],
["./uif_flowsheetsettingstoolbar.htm","Settings Toolbar","The flowsheet settings toolbar is used to control the appearance of the flowsheet. It contains a number of shortcuts to other menu options. Hover ...",""],
["./uif_flowsheetshowingnumbers.htm","Showing node and pipe numbers","Each element on the flowsheet has a unique number assigned by FluidFlow. You cannot change the number that FluidFlow assigns, however you can use ...",""],
["./uif_flowsheetshowuniquetext.htm","Showing unique descriptive text","Each component has a field called Unique Name, available via the Input Inspector, that you can use to uniquely identify that component. ",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolscircletool.htm","Circle","Place a circular box on the flowsheet. Select this icon and click on the flowsheet. Resize the box by selecting the Resizer Tool followed by selec...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsgridstyle.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Grid Style","This is located on the main toolbar and is used to set the flowsheet grid style to Fine, Coarse, or to Hide the grid.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsimagetool.htm","Image","Places an image on the flowsheet. First, select this icon and click on the flowsheet to place an image holder. Resize the image box by selecting t...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsisocross.htm","Isometric Crosshairs","Toggle on/off isometric crosshairs display.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsmarkanyarea.htm","Mark Any Area","Multi-marking Tool:     Select, then:  Click, drag, click, drag......double click to outline and mark a selected irregular area of ...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsmarkrect.htm","Mark Rectangular Area","Select then: Click, drag and click to outline and mark a selected rectangular area of the model. All elements within the outline will be selected....",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsorthocross.htm","Orthogonal Crosshairs","Toggle on/off orthogonal crosshairs.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsrectangletool.htm","Rectangle","Place a rectangular box on the flowsheet. Select this icon and click on the flowsheet. Resize the box by selecting the Resizer Tool followed by se...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsresizetool.htm","Resizer","Resize element icons on the flowsheet (except pipes).  ",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsroundrectangletool.htm","Round Rectangle","Place a rectangular box, with rounded corners, on the flowsheet. Select this icon and click on the flowsheet. Resize the box by selecting the Resi...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsscale.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Scale","This is located on the main toolbar and is used to set the scale of the model within the flowsheet. Flowsheet element sizes (and graphic objects) ...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsselector.htm","Selector","Resets the mouse cursor to the default flowsheet cursor. When the selector is active, you can select/deselect flowsheet elements.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsshflyby.htm","Show/Hide FlyBys","Display or hide FlyBys when you move over an element on the flowsheet. FlyBys can be user-configured for content and position in the Flowsheet Opt...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsshfreetext.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Show/Hide Graphic Objects","Toggle on/off the display of the text, image, table, rectangle, round rectangle, and circle elements on the flowsheet.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsshpipenum.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Show/Hide Pipe Numbers","Toggle on/off the pipe ID number display on the flowsheet. Pipe IDs are numbered negatively from -1, e.g., (-24).",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsshproperties.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Show/Hide Properties","Display or hide the element properties as defined in the Properties Input field.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolsshuniquename.htm","Flowsheet Settings &#124; Show/Hide Unique Name","Display or hide the unique name entered into the Unique Name Input field.",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolstabletool.htm","Table","Places an image of a worksheet/table on the flowsheet. First, select this icon and click on the flowsheet to place a table holder. Resize the tabl...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolstexttool.htm","Text","Place free text on the flowsheet. Select this icon and click on the flowsheet. Enter/edit text via the Text property field (see below). Resize the...",""],
["./uif_flowsheettoolstoolbar.htm","Tools Toolbar","The flowsheet tools are used to either select, resize, or add graphic objects to the flowsheet. ",""],
["./uif_flowsheetusingsnap.htm","Flowsheet Snap, Scale and Grid","The flowsheet can be operated in any one of three modes:",""],
["./uig_componentpalette.htm","Components Palette","The Components Palette can be displayed by selecting the &#39;View &#124; Components Palette&#39; menu item. ",""],
["./uig_statusbar.htm","Status Bar","The Status bar provides &#39;snapshot&#39; details of the simulation such as cursor position, the selected element, calculation status, etc.:",""],
["./uimd_aboutf.htm","About Dialog","This dialog displays information about the current version of FluidFlow, contact information for Flite Software, and a description of the register...",""],
["./uimd_activatefluidflowdialog.htm","Activate FluidFlow Dialog","The Activate FluidFlow Dialog allows you to purchase and register your evaluation copy of FluidFlow, or to upgrade your existing registered copy t...",""],
["./uimd_backcalcinputf.htm","Back Calc Input Dialog","The &#39;Back Calc Input&#39; functionality is used to attempt to determine an input value for a specific element&#39;s property that would achieve a desired ...",""],
["./uimd_billofmaterialsf.htm","Bill Of Materials Dialog","Use this dialog to view and preview the Bill of Materials (BOM). ",""],
["./uimd_calculationoptionsf.htm","Calculation Options Dialog","This dialog displays information about the current network, and allows you to specify calculation settings for the current network and globally fo...",""],
["./uimd_changecomponentf.htm","Change Component Dialog","This dialog allows you to change the type/kind of the selected component(s) on the currently open flowsheet.",""],
["./uimd_chartpropertiesf.htm","Chart Properties Dialog","The &#39;Chart Properties&#39; dialog is displayed when you select &#39;Properties&#39; from the &#39;Input Editor&#39; for a Chart Object.",""],
["./uimd_colorcodingf.htm","Color Coding Dialog","This dialog allows you to color-code pipes based on multiple value ranges for flow, pressure, or velocity.",""],
["./uimd_componentdefaultsf.htm","Component Defaults Dialog","The Component Defaults Dialog allows you to specify what the default input values should be for every different type of component.",""],
["./uimd_configuretoolsf.htm","Configure Tools Dialog","Use this dialog to add programs to, delete programs from, or edit programs on the Tools menu. These programs appear at the bottom of the Tools menu.",""],
["./uimd_customizesendtorecipients.htm","Customize Send To Recipients Dialog","Use this dialog to add recipients to, delete recipients from, or edit recipients on the File &#124; Send To &#124; Recipients List menu. ",""],
["./uimd_databasemenu.htm","Database Menu","Use the Database menu commands to add, edit, and delete component data.",""],
["./uimd_dataconnectionsf.htm","Data Connections Dialog","Use this dialog to specify the location of your DATA folder, which will contain your equipment items, fluids, etc. You can swap between different ...",""],
["./uimd_dialogs.htm","Dialogs","Through the various dialogs you can input data into the databases, control how the program solves a model, determine the visibility of results, et...",""],
["./uimd_editmenu.htm","Edit Menu","Use the Edit menu commands to manipulate nodes and pipes (elements) on the current flowsheet.",""],
["./uimd_emailpropertiesf.htm","Email Properties Dialog","Use this dialog to specify a name and email address for an email recipient that will be listed in the File &#124; Send To &#124; Recipients List menu.",""],
["./uimd_excelpropertiesf.htm","Excel Properties Dialog","This dialog allows you to specify the columns (component fields) to be visible when exporting to Excel format.",""],
["./uimd_exportpropertiesf.htm","Print and Export Properties Dialog","This dialog is used to specify the fields (on a per-component basis) that will be previewed or printed.",""],
["./uimd_filemenu.htm","File Menu","Use the File menu to open, save, close, preview, and email new or existing FluidFlow files.",""],
["./uimd_flowsheetoptions.htm","Flowsheet Options Dialog","The Flowsheet Options dialog has several pages: General, Elements, Properties on Flowsheet, FlyBys, Graphic Objects, and Miscellaneous, all of whi...",""],
["./uimd_fluidcurveeditorf_2.htm","Fluid Curve Editor Dialog","FluidFlow develops a curve-fit based on the physical property data entry. We need to define a minimum of three coordinate points in order to obtai...",""],
["./uimd_fluideditorf.htm","Fluid Editor Dialog","The Fluid Editor dialog allows us to view or edit the physical properties of pre-defined fluids. When adding a new fluid to the database, we can d...",""],
["./uimd_flybypropertiesf.htm","FlyBy Properties Dialog","This dialog is used to specify the fields (on a per-component basis) that are displayed on the flowsheet by activating the FlyBy option.",""],
["./uimd_helpmenu.htm","Help Menu","Use the Help menu to access the online Help system, which provides information on all aspects of FluidFlow.",""],
["./uimd_loginnameduserf.htm","Login Named User Dialog","FluidFlow 3.54 introduces a new licensing option - \"Named User License\" - that allows use of a license stored online, rather than hard-c...",""],
["./uimd_makemixturef.htm","Make Mixture Dialog","Users can create fluid mixtures by Mole or Mass %. The image below shows a gas mixture created by Mole % where the individual fluid components hav...",""],
["./uimd_menusandtoolbar.htm","Menus ","FluidFlow provides the following menu system:  Menus Description File Use the File menu to open, save, close, preview, and email new or exist...",""],
["./uimd_minimizednodeiconsf.htm","Minimized Node Icons Dialog","Accessed via the Flowsheet Options dialog, the Minimized Node Icons dialog is used to select which of the node element kinds should be displayed i...",""],
["./uimd_multicalcf.htm","Multi Calc Dialog","This allows you to run multiple calculations, changing the value of a single property for one or more elements in each iteration, and saving the a...",""],
["./uimd_openenvironmentf.htm","Open Environment Dialog","This dialog is used to select a default or user-defined environment.",""],
["./uimd_optionsmenu.htm","Options Menu","Use the Options menu commands to customize the FluidFlow environment.",""],
["./uimd_passwordf.htm","Password Dialog","This dialog is only available in the Network version of FluidFlow. You can use this to change the password associated with your login username.",""],
["./uimd_piperoughnesseditorf.htm","Pipe Roughness Editor Dialog","FluidFlow includes a database of pipe roughness values for different pipe materials. ",""],
["./uimd_pipescalingeditorf.htm","Pipe Scaling Editor Dialog","FluidFlow includes a database of pipe scaling values for different pipe materials. ",""],
["./uimd_printpropertiesf.htm","Print Properties Dialog","This dialog is used to specify the fields (on a per-component basis) that will be previewed or printed.",""],
["./uimd_projectdescriptionf.htm","Project Description Dialog","To display the Project Description Dialog:  Select the &#39;File &#124; Project Description...&#39; menu item.",""],
["./uimd_reopenfilef.htm","Reopen File Dialog","We can access recently opened files by using the File Reopen dialog. ",""],
["./uimd_resultunitsf.htm","Result Units Dialog","This dialog is used to change the units that fields of the Results page and Flowsheet are displayed in.",""],
["./uimd_saveenvironmentf.htm","Save Environment Dialog","This dialog is used to select a default or user-defined environment.",""],
["./uimd_scriptf.htm","Script Dialog","This dialog is displayed when you select the &#39;Script&#39; property for a User-Defined Generic component element. (This property is only available when...",""],
["./uimd_todolistf.htm","To Do List Dialog","The \"To Do List\" allows you to populate a list of items which must be considered as part of the model development. This tool can be usef...",""],
["./uimd_todopropertiesf.htm","To Do Properties Dialog","Use this dialog to add/edit individual \"To Do\" items from the To Do List dialog.",""],
["./uimd_toolpropertiesf.htm","Tool Properties Dialog","Use this dialog to add/edit individual \"Tools\" items from the Configure Tools dialog.",""],
["./uimd_toolsmenu.htm","Tools Menu","Use the Tools menu to solve the current network and to access extra (user-defined) tools.",""],
["./uimd_updatecheckf.htm","Update Check Dialog","This function allows you to check for any new updates of FluidFlow. Note, you will need an internet connection to execute this task. It is importa...",""],
["./uimd_userdefinedfieldsf.htm","User-Defined Fields Dialog","User-Defined Fields (UDFs) allow you to add extra, non-standard, information to any element (node/pipe/graphic object), which can then be accessed...",""],
["./uimd_viewmenu.htm","View Menu","Use the View menu commands to display or hide different elements of the FluidFlow environment.",""],
["./uimd_visibleresultsf.htm","Visible Results Dialog","This dialog is used to specify the result fields that will be displayed in the Results page of the Data Palette. The Results page is fully customi...",""],
["./uimd_warningandhintsf.htm","Warning and Hints Dialog","To display the Warnings and Hints Dialog:  Select the Options &#124; Warnings and Hints menu item. Right-mouse click on the Data Palette to displa...",""],
["./uimd_windowmenu.htm","Window Menu","Use the Window menu to manage the layout of open Flowsheets.",""],
["./userdefined_data_entry5.htm","Data Entry","The data entry requirement for user defined element is shown below:",""],
["./userdefined_result_chart.htm","Result Chart","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the user defined friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./userdefined_result_table.htm","Result Table","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./userinterface-general.htm","User Interface","The FluidFlow workspace comprises two main windows: the flowsheet editor window where the schematic layout of the piping network is developed or &#39;...",""],
["./user_operation.htm","User Operation","All users are actively encouraged to feedback their experiences with our software. ",""],
["./user_operation2.htm","Maintenance","Software maintenance is the main mechanism for making improvements, corrections and adaptations to the application.",""],
["./valves.htm","Valves","Manually (or remotely) operated valves are typically used in on/off duties. Sometimes a valve can be used in a throttling duty. FluidFlow allows b...",""],
["./valves2.htm","Valves","If you intend modelling the effects of changing the % opening of a two-port valve in a system, we need to ensure that the flow vs. pressure loss d...",""],
["./valves3_2.htm","Valves","FluidFlow contains a database of two-port valves which can be used when building a network. The user can also very easily add new valves to the da...",""],
["./valves3_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - Valves (3 Port)","The pressure loss across a valve is a function of flow. In FluidFlow this loss relationship can be expressed as either: K, Kv/Cv, or Kf. ",""],
["./valves3_data_entry.htm","Data Entry - Valves (3 Port)","Data entry for a 3 way valve is shown below:    Figure 1: Input requirement for a 3-way valve  Unique Name: Allows you to enter a d...",""],
["./valves3_result_charts2.htm","Result Charts - Valves (3 Port)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the valve friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./valves3_result_table.htm","Result Table - Valves (3 Port)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./valves_calculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods - Valves (2 Port)","The pressure loss across a valve is a function of flow. In FluidFlow this loss relationship can be expressed as either: K, Kv/Cv, or Kf. Many lite...",""],
["./valves_data_entry.htm","Data Entry - Valves (2 Port)","The data entry for all types of valves is very similar. Butterfly; Diaphragm; Ball; Gate; Globe; Angle; Ball Float; Plug; Pinch; Y-Globe; Needle; ...",""],
["./valves_result_charts2.htm","Result Charts - Valves (2 Port)","For all phase states a resistance chart is available. This shows the valve friction loss at various flows.",""],
["./valves_result_table.htm","Result Table - Valves (2 Port)","The available results that are listed in the table vary depending upon the fluid phase state and upon the visible properties that you have selecte...",""],
["./valves_with_2_connections.htm","Valves with 2 connections","There are many different types of manually (or remotely) operated valves. FluidFlow contains data for the following types: Butterfly; Diaphragm; B...",""],
["./valves_with_3_connections.htm","Valves with 3 connections","3-way valves have 3 pipe connections. 3-way valves can have either a mixing or diverting duty depending upon the valve port arrangement.",""],
["./valve_data_record.htm","Valve Data Record","Valve Data Record  Group: Integer; Name: String; Manufacturer: String; Component: Integer; Parent: Integer; Materials: Integer; Applications:...",""],
["./venturitubecalculation_methods.htm","Calculation Methods","The calculation method used is based on the correlations and charts found in Pipe Flow - A Practical &#38; Comprehensive Guide - AIChE [24], p 158.",""],
["./venturi_tube.htm","Venturi tube","A venturi tube is a tube or pipe which employs a temporary restriction or narrowing in its length to reduce the pressure ...",""]];
